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There are 6 important factors for grading pearls:
Type: Saltwater pearls are usually more expensive than freshwater pearls. However, with the most recent freshwater pearl farming technique improvements, there are some AAA freshwater pearls that are more expensive than saltwater pearls.
Thickness of nacre: In contrast to saltwater cultured pearls, freshwater cultured pearls are tissue nucleated (there is no core). This is a great advantage for freshwater pearls, because the risk of a thin nacre wearing off over time is not an issue.
Shape: Round pearls are always the most desired. The rounder the pearls are, the more valuable they are.
Sizes: Larger sizes are rarer and consequently more valuable. For pearls, 8mm is the landmark. Pearls larger than 8mm are considered large pearls.
Luster: Luster represents the shininess of the pearl. Peals of higher luster are more valuable.
Surface: Completely flawless is very rare, one out of millions. Visually flawless pearls are considered rare. Pearls 90% defect free are considered high quality.
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